PUBLISHED WORK
* Publication co-authored with a doctoral student mentee.
*Santos, T., Ahmed, N., Young, G. Not-For-Profit Hospital Patient Financial Assistance and Alignment with Community Need: A National Study. Accepted
*Santos, T.; Perrone, J.; Franz, B; Cronin, C; and Mouslim, M. Not-For-Profit Hospital Prioritization of Opioid Use Disorder and Self-Pay Prices For Medications Prescribed for OUD. The American Journal of Managed Care. Accepted
*Mouslim, M.; McCullough, J.S.; Santos, T. Endowment Distribution in U.S. Not-For-Profit Hospitals from 2018-2022. Journal of Public Health Management & Practice. Accepted
Goodman, C.; Santos, T.; Jacobs, M.; and Cronin, C. Do Tax-Exempt Hospitals Improve Charity Care Based on Their Community Health Needs Assessments? (2026) Journal of General Internal Medicine.
Santos, T.; Lindrooth, R.; Young, G.J.; Lee, S.D. Financial Assistance Policy, Hospital Charity Care, and Medical Debt in Collections. (2026) JAMA Network Open
Owsley, K.; Santos, T.; Hamer, M. Protecting Patients in the U.S. from the Financial Burden of Cancer Immunotherapy: What Can Be Done? (2026) Immunotherapy (Invited Editorial)
*Burns, A.; Kim, B.; Cronin, C.; He, H.; Santos, T. National compliance with community engagement in nonprofit hospital community benefit activities. (2026) JAMA Network Open
Singh, S.; Santos, T.; Puro, N.; Cronin, C. Association between comprehensiveness of nonprofit hospitals’ health equity strategies and their community benefit spending. (2026) Journal of Public Health Management & Practice
*Olin, S; Owsley, K.; Stoecker, C.; Santos, T. Long-Term Impact of Medicaid Expansion on Not-for-Profit Hospital Community Benefit Spending in the Southern US. (2025) Medical Care
Santos, T.; Lindrooth, R.C.; Owsley, K; Lee, S.D.; Young, G. J. Oregon Community Benefit Reform Influenced Not-For-Profit Hospital Charity Care and Medical Debt Write-Off. (2025) Health Affairs
Santos, T.; Young, G.; Lee, S.D.; Owsley, K. Oregon Not-for-Profit Hospital Community Benefit Policy: Trends in Community Benefit Spending. (2025) Healthcare
Owsley, K; Santos, T. Evaluating Not-For-Profit Hospital Community Benefit Spending: Transparency, Accountability, and Fair Share Spending. (2025) Medical Care (Invited Editorial)
Santos, T., Bergman, A., Smith-McLallen, A. Access to Mental Health and Substance Use Treatment in Comprehensive Primary Care Plus (2024). JAMA Network Open
Cronin, C.; Singh, S.; Burns, A.; Yeager, V.; Puro, N.; Santos, T.; Mathew, A.; Franz, B. Ohio Presents Opportunities for Understanding Hospital Alignment with Public Health Agencies on Community Health Assessments. (2024) Health Affairs
Santos, T., Young, G. Evolution of Hospitals’ Community Benefits: Addressing Social Determinants of Health through Investments in Housing Security (2024). Medical Care (Invited Editorial)
Rhodes, J., Santos, T., Young, G. Hospitals’ Uneven Recovery from the COVID-19 Pandemic (2023). Health Affairs Scholar
Rhodes, J.H.; Santos, T.; Young, G. (2023) The Early Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Hospital Finances. Journal of Healthcare Management
Santos, T.; Lindrooth, R.C. (2021) Nonprofit Hospital Community Benefits: Collaboration with Local Health Departments to Address the Drug Epidemic. Medical Care
Santos, T.; Shoou-Yih, D.L.; East, C.; Lindrooth, R.C. (2021) Can Collaboration Between Nonprofit Hospitals and Local Health Departments Influence Population Health Investments by Nonprofit Hospitals? Medical Care
Santos, T.; Singh, S.; Young, G. (2021) Medicaid Expansion and Hospitals’ Financial Status: National and State-Level Estimates using IRS and CMS data. 2011-2016. Medical Care Research and Review
Santos, T. (2020) Nonprofit Hospital Targeted Health Priorities and Collaboration with Local Health Departments in the First Round Post-ACA: A National Descriptive Study. Front. Public Health 8:88
Ramadan, O.; Santos, T.; Stoecker, J.B.; Belkin, N.; Rice, J.; Jackson, B.M.; Schneider, D.B.; Wang, G.J. (2022) The Differential Impact of Medicaid Expansion on Disparities in Outcomes Following Peripheral Vascular Intervention. Annals of Vascular Surgery
Da Silva, D. T.; Santos, T.; Petsis, D.; Mahajan, A.; Bonett, S.; Wood, S. (2022) Chlamydia trachomatis/Neisseria gonorrhea retesting among adolescents and young adults in a primary care network. 2014-2020. Journal of Adolescent Health
Santos, T. Hospital Collaboration with Local Health Departments on Community Health Improvement Activities: Is the Whole More Effective Than the Sum of Its Parts? (2020) Health Services Research – Special Issue (Abstract)
Johnson EK, Hardy R, Santos T, Leider JP, Lindrooth RC, Tung GJ. State Laws and Nonprofit Hospital Community Benefit Spending. J Public Health Manag Pract. 2019;25(4):E9-E17. doi:10.1097/PHH.0000000000000885
WORK UNDER REVIEW
*Santos, T.; Li, S.; Thomas, C.; and Pamir, K. Alignment of Community Benefit Activities With State Health Priorities Among Louisiana Not-For-Profit Hospitals. (* MD mentee). Revise and Resubmit.
*He, H., Burns, A., Cronin, C., Santos, T. Not-for-Profit Hospital Accountability through Community Engagement in Community Benefit Activities. Under Review.
Cronin, C., McNeill, E., Santos, T., Owsley, K., Puro, N., Singh, S. Subsidizing Access: How Rural Hospitals Allocate Community Benefit in The Face of Financial Constraints. Under Review.
Santos, T., Cronin, C., Berkeley, F., Singh, S., Burns, A., Yaeger, V. A. Nonprofit Hospital Community Benefit: 15 Years Post-Affordable Care Act. Under Review.
Santos, T., Franz, B., Cronin, C., Singh, S, Yeager, V.A., Burns, A. Hospital Tax Exemption as Population Health Financing: Measuring Compliance and Promoting Accountability Fifteen Years After the Affordable Care Act. Under Review.
Owsley, K., Santos, T. State-Level Community Benefit Laws and Not-For-Profit Hospitals’ Use of 340B Savings: A Longitudinal Analysis of U.S. Hospitals. Under Review.
WORK IN PROGRESS
*Santos, T., Olin, S., Lindrooth, R. Presumptive Eligibility for Financial Assistance: Impact on Hospital Charity Care Provision.
Santos, T.; Young, G.J.; Lee, S.D.; Lindrooth, R. The Other Oregon Experiment: Not-For-Profit Hospital Community Benefit Spending Floors.
Santos, T., Cronin, C., Singh, S., Puro, N. Not-For-Profit Hospital Governance and Community Benefit Spending in Population Health.
*Mouslim, M., Santos, T. Not-For-Profit Hospital Endowment and Charity Care Provision: A National Study.
Santos, T., Young, G.J. Community Benefit Regulatory Framework: Learning from State Innovation.
Santos, T., Young, G.J., He, H., Lee., S.Y. Not-For-Profit Hospital Accountability: Conceptual Framework
Hogg-Graham, R.; Santos, T.; Owsley, K.; Huang, H.; Clear, E.; Mays, G. Association between hospital participation in the delivery of core population health activities and hospital readmission rates.